Vascular

Vascular interventions

Refer to a range of medical procedures and treatments that are aimed at diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the blood vessels or caused by abnormalities in them. . These interventions are typically performed by vascular specialists or interventional radiologists who have expertise in using minimally invasive techniques to access and treat the blood vessels.

Varicose veins

Dilated and tortuous veins of the lower limbs causing swelling, heaviness, skin changes, ulcerations etc.
IR Treatment- Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA)- Thin laser fiber is inserted into the affected vein through a small incision. The laser energy heats up the walls of the vein, causing it to collapse and seal shut. Blood flow is then naturally rerouted to healthy veins.

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot that forms in veins, most commonly in the legs. DVT can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition if the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE).
IR Treatment: Mechanical Thrombectomy- removal of clots by mechanical thrombectomy, catheter directed thrombolysis.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Condition that blocks the blood vessels and causes symptoms like leg pain or cramping, numbness or weakness, coldness or discoloration of the skin, slow-healing ulcers, weak or absent pulses in the feet, erectile dysfunction in men etc.
IR Treatment- Angioplasty and stenting are used to restore the blood flow by opening the blocked vessel.

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood from the lungs or airways by any cause like TB, cancer etc.
IR Treatment- Bronchial artery embolization (BAE): Inserting a catheter into the arteries supplying blood to the lungs and injecting small particles to block the bleeding blood vessel. BAE is highly effective in controlling hemoptysis and has a success rate of over 90%.

Hematemesis

Refers to vomiting of blood.
IR Treatment- Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE): This procedure involves inserting a catheter into the artery supplying blood to the site of bleeding and injecting small particles/ metallic coils/small mesh tube (stent) to block the blood flow.

Uterine Fibroid

Symptoms such as heavy or prolonged menstrual period, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination,difficulty in emptying the bladder, constipation, backache, pain during sex, infertility.
Uterine Fibroid Embolisation(UFE)/ Uterine Artery Embolisation(UAE): a catheter is inserted through a small incision in the groin and guided to the uterine artery. Small particles are then injected to block the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and die.

Dialysis Fistula

Decreased or absent thrill or pulse, swelling or bruising, pain or discomfort or tenderness around the fistula site, weak or absent blood flow during dialysis, Bleeding
Role of IR- Balloon Angioplasty/ Thrombectomy/Thrombolysis: These procedure involves removing a blood clot that has formed within the fistula. Interventional radiologists can perform thrombectomy using a catheter to remove the clot and restore blood flow.

Central Vein Obstruction

Narrowing or blockage of the central veins causing swelling of the arms, hands, and face, pain or tenderness in the affected area, skin discoloration, such as redness or blue hue, difficulty using or moving the arm on the affected side, chest pain or difficulty breathing.
IR Treatment-Central Venoplasty/ Stenting : minimally invasive procedure that opens the blocked veins and can improve blood flow and alleviate symptoms of central venous stenosis.

Varicocele

The veins within the scrotum become enlarged and swollen, leading to infertility or testicular heaviness and pain.
IR Treatment - Varicocele Embolization: This is a minimally invasive procedure in which the affected vein is occluded by small coils or other embolic agents. This procedure heals the varicocele and alleviate associated symptoms.

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